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Eritrea was conquered by Italy and
formally consolidated into a colony by the Italian government on January
1, 1890. In 1936 it became a province of Italian East Africa, along with
Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland. The British expelled the Italians in
1941.
Increasing unrest and resistance in Eritrea against the federation with
Ethiopia eventually led to a decision by the Ethiopian government to
annex Eritrea as its 14th province in 1962. An Eritrean independence
movement formed in the early 1960s which later erupted into a 31 year
long civil war against successive Ethiopian governments that ended in
1991. Following a UN supervised referendum in Eritrea dubbed UNOVER in
which the Eritrean people overwhelmingly voted for independence from
Ethiopia, Eritrea declared its independence and gained international
recognition in 1993. Eritrea's constitution, adopted in 1997, stipulates
that the state is a presidential republic with a unicameral
parliamentary democracy. The constitution, however, has not yet been
implemented fully due to, according to the government, the prevailing
border conflict with Ethiopia which began in May 1998. |
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- Central
- Southern
- Gash-Barka
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- Anseba
- Northern
Red Sea
- Southern
Red Sea
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